1. Kojic Acid: Kojic acid is a natural substance derived from several species of fungi. It is often used in skincare products due to its potential to inhibit the production of melanin in the skin. As a result, kojic acid is commonly included in products aimed at reducing the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone.

2. Papaya Extract: Papaya extract, derived from the papaya fruit, contains enzymes such as papain, which is known for its exfoliating properties. Papaya extract is often used in skincare products for its potential to promote skin renewal, gently exfoliate the skin, and contribute to a more radiant complexion.

3. Face Oil Base: The oil base of the product can vary and may include ingredients such as jojoba oil, argan oil, rosehip oil, or other natural oils known for their moisturizing and nourishing properties. These oils can help to hydrate the skin, improve its texture, and provide essential fatty acids and antioxidants.

When combined, kojic acid and papaya extract are intended to work synergistically to address skin concerns such as dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone, while the oil base helps to deliver these active ingredients and provide skin-nourishing benefits. It's important to note that individual results may vary, and as with any skincare product, it's advisable to perform a patch test and consult with a dermatologist, especially if you have sensitive skin or specific skin conditions.